Handbook

The early twentieth century was a catastrophic and transformative period in twentieth-century European history. The First World War catalysed intense demographic, ideological, and economic turmoil. You will focus on the relationship between socio-economic crises and the development of radical new political movements (e.g. Bolshevism, Stalinism, fascism and National Socialism) that posed enormous threats to nascent liberal democracies. You will also explore some of the remarkable array of cultural and social innovations that flowered in this tumultuous period (visual arts, literature, theatre, cinema, social theory, sexuality and gender).